Bank of England History

Bank of England - Wikipedi

• The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government 's banker, and still one of the bankers for the Government of the United Kingdom, it is the world's eighth-oldest bank
• The Bank of England's history, started as a 'private company' formed and funded by private subscription. The Bank of England only became a British public institution at the end of WW2 in 1946
• Founded in 1694, the Bank of England, known as the old lady of Threadneedle Street, is the government's bank and the UK's central bank. It issues bank notes, controls the UK gold reserves and,..
• The Bank of England was incorporated by act of Parliament in 1694 with the immediate purpose of raising funds to allow the English government to wage war against France in the Low Countries (see Grand Alliance, War of the). A royal charter allowed the bank to operate as a joint-stock bank with limited liability

The Bank of England was founded in 1694, although records relating to the site of Threadneedle Street and the surrounding area date from as early as 1516 Discover the story of the Bank of England through our fascinating historical objects and works of art. Our collection contains 40,000 items and spans over 1,500 years of history. It includes archaeology, banknotes, coins, artworks, sculpture, decorative art and social history. We've picked the most interesting objects to show you online According to Wikipedia and Wikisource by 1834 the Bank of England observed around 33 saints' days and religious festivals as holidays, but reduced these to just four in 1834: 1 May (May Day), 1 November (All Saints Day), Good Friday, and Christmas Day During the financial crisis of 2008, people reduced their spending and many lost their jobs. We had to cut interest rates to really low levels to support spending and jobs. Over the past few years, our economy has needed interest rates to stay very low Bank of England. Threadneedle Street, London, EC2R 8AH; Switchboard: +44(0)20 3461 4444; Enquiries: +44(0)20 3461 4878; Bank of England Museum. Bartholomew Lane, London, EC2R 8A

Bank of England History - Intriguing Histor

Five pound notes (£5) were introduced by the Bank of England in 1793, following the ten pound note, which had been introduced in 1759 as a consequence of gold shortages caused by the Seven Years' War Around 1650, a cloth merchant, Thomas Smith opened the first provincial bank in Nottingham. During 1694 the Bank of England was founded. The Governor and Company of the Bank of Scotland was established by an Act of the Parliament of Scotland on 17 July 1695, the Act for erecting a Bank in Scotland, opening for business in February 1696 The Bank of England was established in 1694, by Act of Parliament, as a private joint stock, limited liability, company, with a Charter subject to periodic renewal and renegotiation. Each such occasio In 1921 The Bank of England gained a legal monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales, a process that started with the Bank Charter Act of 1844 when the ability of other banks to issue notes was restricted Historical event: 27 July 1694; On this day in 1694, the Bank of England was established. It is the central bank of the UK, which conducts the country's monetary policy and issues British Pounds banknotes. It is interesting to note that it had been a private bank till 1946, when it was nationalized

The Bank of England: a brief history Bank of England

History of the Bank of England by Andreades, Andreas Michael, 1876-1935; Meredith, Christabel Margaret (Iles) Mrs., 1876-; Foxwell, H. S. (Herbert Somerton), 1849-1936. Publication date 1909 Topics Bank of England, Finance -- Great Britain History Publisher London, P.S. King & son Collectio On the money: a history of the Bank of England People take centre stage in David Kynaston's account of a 323-year quest for financial stability The Bank of England, an engraving by Thomas. Bank of England base rate history Over the course of the BoE base rate history, rates have fluctuated. A base rate increase in October 1981 saw rates at their highest ever point: 15%. Rates.. In 1694 the Bank of England was established to raise money for King William III's war against France. The Bank started to issue notes in return for deposits. History of the Bank of England - The Old Lady. The Bank of England was founded in 1694 to raise funds for the government during a time of war with France. From then on the Bank became nation's central bank! In 1734 The Bank moved to Threadneedle Street. It's famous nickname comes from a James Gillray cartoon published in 1797

BANK OF ENGLAND, BARTHOLOMEW LANE EC2 Statutory Address: BANK OF ENGLAND, LOTHBURY EC2 Statutory Address: BANK OF ENGLAND, PRINCE'S STREET EC2 Statutory Address: BANK OF ENGLAND, THREADNEEDLE STREET EC2. The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority Describes historical background which led to creation of the Bank of England, the mother of all central banks. This yield important insight into fractional r.. History of the Bank of England by Andreades, Andreas Michael, 1876-1935; Meredith, Christabel M. (Christabel Margaret), b. 1876; Foxwell, Herbert Somerton, 1849-Publication date 1909 Topics Bank of England, Finance -- Great Britain History Publisher London, P. S. King & son Collectio

Bank of England History, Headquarters, & Facts Britannic

1. The Rothschild banking family of England was founded in by Nathan Mayer von Rothschild who first settled in Manchester but then moved to London. Nathan was sent there from his home in Frankfurt by his father, Mayer Amschel Rothschild. Wanting his sons to succeed on their own and to expand the family business across Europe, Mayer Amschel Rothschild had his eldest son remain in Frankfurt, while his four other sons were sent to different European cities to establish a financial.
2. The Bank of England (BoE) is the central bank of the United Kingdom and a model on which most central banks around the world are built. Since its inception in 1694, the bank has changed from being a private bank Private Banking Internship Private Banking refers to services that banks reserve only for their largest and richest customers
3. Keeping on an even keel: the role of the Bank of England is a short film that uses nautical metaphors and animation to explain the Bank's roles and responsib..
4. The history of the Bank of England is a topic that I suspect a great very many people would suppose to be dry, dull, and inescapably complex. This work proves that, on the whole, the topic need not be so. The scope of this work is massive: an entire history of the Bank of England from its foundation in 1694 through to 2013
5. Want to learn about the history of inflation? Watch our short video to find out more
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This history of the Bank of England takes its story from the 1950s to the end of the 1970s. This period probably saw the peak of the Bank's influence and pres-tige, as it dominated the financial landscape. One of the Bank's central functions was to manage the exchange rate Another phrase often used is 'As safe as the Bank of England', and is used to describe a system that is strong and secure. But in 1780 the bank did not seem so safe during the Gordon Riots, when for days, London was terrorised by an Anti-Catholic mob led by Lord George Gordon History of the Bank of England by Andreades, Andreas Michael, 1876-1935; Meredith, Christabel Margaret (Iles) Mrs., 1876-; Foxwell, H. S. (Herbert Somerton), 1849-1936. Publication date 1909 Topics Bank of England, Finance -- Great Britain History Publisher London, P.S. King & son Collectio Banknotes: a short history Seventh century. First recorded use of paper money was in China in the seventh century. The practice did not become... 16th century. The goldsmith-bankers began to accept deposits, make loans and transfer funds. They also gave receipts for... 1694. In 1694 the Bank of. The Bank helped the British state reach a position of geopolitical and economic hegemony in the international economic order. In this paper we deploy recalibrated financial data to analyse an evolving trajectory of connections between the British economy, the state, and the Bank of England

Yet, the Bank has failed to design its policies in a way that reflects this knowledge and is attentive to it's own history of slavery and racism. Further research needs to be done on the connections between the Bank of England and the slave trade, and the Bank can start by paying for more of its archives to be published The Bank of England was given autonomy to set interest rates in 1997. The government set the Monetary Policy Committee MPC a target of inflation - 2% For the period 1997-2008, the Bank helped preside over a long period of economic expansion. They avoided a boom and bust economic cycl Welcome to the Old Bank of England! Our pub resides in the old Law Court's branch of the previous Bank of England which operated from 1888 to 1975, although you may not be able to get a loan with us you are bound to receive attentive service, and a unique experience in the country's capital The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and was established as a corporate body by Royal Charter under the Bank of England Act 1694. The Bank was nationalised on 1 March 1946, and gained operational independence to set interest rates in 1997 (the Bank of England Act 1998 Part II sets out the responsibilities and objectives of the Bank in relation to monetary policy) Modern Banks. In Britain modern banks began with the Bank Charter Act of 1844. The Act split the Bank of England (which was still legally a private bank) into two departments - a banking department and an issuing department. From then on the Bank of England could only issue notes if they were backed up by gold or government securities

Bank of England Archive Bank of Englan

History of world Banking First to be Scotland BOE established was the Bank Of England. 1st Rothshield Instead of lending the English King gold bullions to use for 1500America BoI paying for war efforts Europe they get the right, and Templar Knights1480 1900 Friday The 13th 1307 only them, to issue papers representing Portugal that Gold The Bank of England has a tremendous impact on foreign currency exchange, and is one of the most watched institutions in the world. As one of the foremost central banks in the global financial community, and the institution that controls one of the main trading currencies (the pound sterling, or GBP), the BoE's actions routinely impact the markets and drive trading one way or the other The period of monopoly, 1708-1826 -- Before and after the Act of 1844 -- The Bank's weekly return -- The Issue and Banking departments -- The store in the Issue department -- Weekly differences in the return -- The Bank as agent of the Mint -- The principal currency drains -- Banks and the creation of credit -- The battle of the banks -- The London money market -- The bank rate and stock. All through history, one subject appears again and again. How to make a lot of money quickly! The first recorded case in England was that of a State Lottery in 1569. The tickets were on sale at the west door of St. Paul's Cathedral in London. The name of the winner is not recorded. In 1720 the. Bank of England's Printed Ten £ Banknote 60. Act of 1708. Despite the imperial commerce's demand for financial institutions, the growth of banks was hindered by the1708 Act. The 1708 Act restricted banks with more than six partners from issuing bank notes

The Bank of England and the Government Debt recounts the surprising history of the Bank of England's activities in the government securities market in the mid-twentieth century. The Bank's governor, Montagu Norman, had a decisive influence on government debt management policy until he retired in 1944, and established an auxiliary market in government securities outside the Stock Exchange. The Bank of England, which is now the central bank of the United Kingdom, British Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories has issued banknotes since 1694. In 1921 The Bank of England gained a legal monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales, a process that started with the Bank Charter Act of 1844 when the ability of other banks to issue notes was restricted A Bank of England spokeswoman told the Guardian: There can be no doubt that the 18th and 19th century slave trade was an unacceptable part of English history. As an institution, the Bank of.

Online collections Bank of Englan

Her Majesty's (HM) Treasury: The United Kingdom's economics and finance ministry, responsible for formulating and implementing financial and economic policy. Her Majesty's Treasury's stated aim is. Housed within the impressive walls of the Bank of England, this fascinating museum takes you through the history of the bank since its foundation in 1694 to its role today as the nation's central bank. There are gold bars dating from ancient times to the modern market bar, coins and a unique collection of banknotes Bank of England base rate history The BoE has been setting the interest rate in the UK since way back in 1694. Following the global financial crisis in 2008, the BoE gradually cut the base rate from 5.5% down to just 0.25% in August 2016 - historically the lowest interest rate the UK had ever seen until that point in time

Why Do We Have Bank Holidays? Their History & Origin

1. Bank of England governor defends self over scandal Andrew Bailey has been criticised for evidence he gave over a scandal in which 11,000 savers lost money. Read mor
2. or macroeconomic impact with historical insignificance
3. Banks on the same principle with the Bank of Amsterdam were afterwards established at Hamburg, and some other of the commercial towns and free cities of Germany. Chapter III. Bank of England. The bank of England, first chartered in 1694, is the prototype and grand exemplar of all our modern banks; its history, therefore, will deserve th
4. Historical Chart of British Pound to US Dollar: Year 1970 rates for the previous day as observed by the Bank of England's Foreign Exchange Desk in the London interbank market at 4.00pm

Bank of England The Bank of England (BoE) is the central bank for Great Britain (which includes England). The BoE is primarily focused on maintaining price stability and supporting the British government's policy, which is aimed at economic growth. The 2 most important issues that the British central bank deals with a monetary and financial. The Bank of England has apologised for the involvement of past governors and directors in the slave trade and vowed to remove all statues and paintings of them from its City headquarters The Bank Of England A History Volume I 1694 - 1797 Volume 1st ( 1945)[SOFTCOVER] by John Clapham and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com

Two of the UK's biggest institutions - the Church of England and the Bank of England - apologised Thursday for their historic links to slavery with the church calling it a source of shame

Interest rates and Bank Rate Bank of Englan

1. The Bank of England also becomes the banker to other London banks, and through them to a much wider banking community. The London banks act as agents in the capital for the many small private banks which open around the country in the second half of the 18th century. All these banks use the Bank of England as a source of credit in a crisis
2. History of banking begins with the world's ancient merchants or temple officials accepting deposits of metals, grain seed or other commodities and mediums of exchange, and granting loans to farmers or traders; and extends to current global, national, and local banking practices
3. Bank of England warns UK faces historic recession; US jobless claims hit 3.1m - business live. Britain's central bank warns that the spread of Covid-19 and the measures to contain it could wipe.
4. imal staff, but they have applied themselves to try to work out what is happening in the economy. They are not sufficiently confident that the numbers they have.

— Bank of England (@bankofengland) March 19, 2020 It comes a week after the Bank cut rates from 0.75% to 0.25% to address the coronavirus crisis and adds to the pressure on Sunak to put forward. An enquiry into the relations subsisting between the State and the Bank of England is a difficult subject for a short address, or even for a short essay. These relations can be described in a very few words; but to enter on them fully, and to treat them from their historical and economic aspects, would occupy many volumes History of the Bank of England 1st Edition by A.M. Andreades (Author) ISBN-13: 978-0714612034. ISBN-10: 0714612030. Why is ISBN important? ISBN. This bar-code number lets you verify that you're getting exactly the right version or edition of a book Relationship timeline for: Bank Of England (Financial Org) 1980 1990 2000 2010 202 The Church of England and the Bank of England apologised on Thursday night for their historic links to slavery through vicars, bishops and Bank governors who benefited from the trade in the 19th.

Discover what the current Bank of England base rate is, when the next Bank of England MPC meeting is, how the base rate can affect your mortgage and how it is affected by Brexit and coronavirus. Includes updated data from May 2021 and MPC meeting dates for 2021 The Bank of England is now open to the idea of negative interest rates, Governor Andrew Bailey said, just days after it had ruled them out. their lowest level in the bank's history The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom. It's not like a bank in your local high street. It has special functions that help keep the economy and financial system stable. You. The current Bank of England base rate is 0.1%. It was cut on 19 March 2020, just a week after being cut to 0.25%. It had been at 0.75% since 2 August 2018. The Bank of England said the move was to help bolster cash flow for households and small businesses affected by the pandemic. Find out more: coronavirus prompts base rate cu TOPLINE. The Bank of England has warned that the U.K. economy could fall into its worst recession on record and could contract as much as 25% in the second quarter as the pandemic and lockdown.

Exchange rates Bank of Englan

History of Scottish Banks and Bank Notes. The oldest known Scottish bank note - Bank of Scotland 1716. In the Beginning. Over the next 30 years the English banks, by processes of merger, acquisition and takeover, and also by extensive branch opening policies,. Bank of England (1).jpg 444 × 222; 16 KB Bank of England and Royal Exchange, City of London EC3 - geograph.org.uk - 1077399.jpg 640 × 441; 74 KB Bank of England, City of London EC3 - geograph.org.uk - 1077396.jpg 640 × 390; 66 K A 1946 classic reimagined. A unity of ergonomic advances and timelessly comfortable design. The Bank of England is durable in style and in quality. Pneumatic controls for seat height adjustment. Five-star base for superior stability. Choose an all-wood chair or an upholstered seat. Tradition made modern Bank of England governor warns inflation will be 'a bit bumpy' this year, but no cause for alarm. Published Thu, May 6 2021 11:02 AM EDT Updated Thu, May 6 2021 11:30 AM EDT History of the Bank of Thailand From th e National Banking Bureau to the Bank of Thailand The reign of King Rama IV was characterised by fostering relations and trade of Siam with foreign powers. A significant milestone of these relations was the signing of a diplomatic and commercial treaty with England by King Rama IV

Britain entered the ERM with hopes of keeping its currency above 2.7 DEM to GBP. This was fundamentally unsound, mainly due to the fact that Britain's inflation rate was many times that of Germany's The Bank of England was also involved. When it was set up in 1694, it underpinned the whole system of commercial credit, and its wealthy City members, British History Timeline They got started by loaning money to the Bank of England and purchasing stocks. Over time, the Rothchild family (still the richest family in history), started to invest in multiple projects around the world and financing military efforts. They were also taking in deposits from people and creating new banks The first was the central Bank of England. This has been created in 1694 by William of Orange to fund wars and had become a foreign exchange storing foreign country's gold. In 1708 it was given the monopoly on Joint Stock Banking (where there's more than 1 shareholder) to try and make it more powerful, and other banks were limited in size and resources

The history of Scottish banking dates from the formation of Bank of Scotland in Edinburgh in 1695. It was a great age for the promotion of new business ventures and the Bank of England was founded the preceding year by a Scotsman, William Paterson The £1.2M was raised in 12 days and the Bank of England was born. Originally a private institution, it gained substantial civic authority towards a healthy financial system over the next century. We hope that you've enjoyed this whirlwind tour through the history of lending David Bholat and Karla Martinez Gutierrez Around the world, central banks have a number of different ownership structures. At one end of the spectrum are central banks, like the Bank of England, that are wholly owned by the public sector. At the other end are central banks, like the Banca d'Italia, whose shareholders are wholl If you can't beat them, join them, might well have been his argument when arms dealer, Robert Morris suggested he be allowed to set up a Bank of England style central bank in the USA in 1781. Desperate for money, the $400,000 he proposed to deposit, to allow him to loan out many times that through fractional reserve banking, must have looked really attractive to the impoverished American. A history of the Rothschilds, This supply proved invaluable in 1852, when N M Rothschild & Sons began refining gold and silver for the Bank of England and the Royal Mint..

The History of Banking. Banking has been around in one form or another throughout recorded history, as issuers of currency and as stores of wealth. Even before currency emerged, starting with the first minted coins, and then adding what were known as banknotes, paper currency, banks still were around to manage the accumulation of assets In 1951, just six years after World War II, Britain's towns and cities still showed the scars of war that remained a constant reminder of the turmoil of the previous years.With the aim of promoting the feeling of recovery, the Festival of Britain opened to the public on the 4th May 1951, celebrating British industry, arts and science and inspiring the thought of a better Britain The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom. Bank of England works with the Treasury Solicitor's Department

Bank of England £5 note - Wikipedi

A central bank is the term used to describe the authority responsible for policies that affect a country's supply of money and credit. More specifically, a central bank uses its tools of monetary policy—open market operations, discount window lending, changes in reserve requirements—to affect short-term interest rates and the monetary base (currency held by the public plus bank reserves. Source: Bank of England Archives The bank's association with London's grisly history doesn't end with killings on the street. Fast forward a few years and it was under fire for the ruthless. Bank of England Cuts Interest Rate to Historic Low, Citing Economic Pressures There is a clear case for stimulus, and stimulus now, Mark Carney, the governor of the Bank of England, said on. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank. The Bank of England was founded in 1684 and since then has acted as a government banker first to the English government and later to UK government. The bank started to act as a banker to the English banking system at the end of the 18th century Andrew Bailey, governor of the Bank of England, said Thursday that if you buy Bitcoin, Dogecoin, Ethereum, or any other digital currency, you should be 'prepared to lose all your money.

Banking in the United Kingdom - Wikipedi

1. ations and reverses - The Treasury banknote series from 1914 - 1928 - White Fivers - The indispensable award winning Price Guide for English banknotes - 384 full colour page
2. Early History of the Banks family. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Banks research. Another 163 words (12 lines of text) covering the years 1300, 1600, 1743, 1820, 1768, 1973, 1784, 1589, 1644, 1627, 1699, 1668, 1659, 1696, 1631, 1677, 1410, 1410, 1588, 1637, 1600, 1588 and 1598 are included under the topic Early Banks History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed.
3. The Bank of England decided this week to leave its benchmark interest rate unchanged, but said that Britain's economic growth was below its potential, partly because of uncertainty around Brexit
4. 1) If debt is held by the Bank of England then we (the people) hold our own debt? A: If the gilts are held by the Bank of England, and the Bank of England was nationalised in 1946, then yes the gilts themselves are a debt owed by one part of the government to another part of the government, and the gilts themselves are not a debt burden to taxpayers
5. The Bank of England said on Friday that it had approved the bail-in of $595 million of loans that a British-based financial company made to the major Ukrainian lender PrivatBank before it was.
6. The Bank of England has cut the base rate for the first time in more than seven years, reducing it from 0.5% to a new historic low of 0.25%. Update 3 Nov 2017: This story is about the Bank of England's base rate cut last year - but for full info on the base rate RISE in November 2017 read our UK interest rates rise story. Here's what it means for mortgages, savings, exchange rates and more

The Bank of England has cut interest rates to a historic low of 0.1% in a second emergency cut in just over a week, warning the UK economy could suffer a 'sharp and large' shock from the. The Bank of England published a new discussion paper Wednesday which lays outs how it will test the country's financial system and its resilience to climate change Bank of England suspected Gupta bank in 2019 BBC 21:05 24-May-21 Banking regulations to be reviewed after winding down of Wyelands Bank The Guardian 21:05 24-May-21 Bank of England mostly unfazed by inflation omens R 18:43 24-May-2 The Bank of England base rate is the official interest rate set by the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee. Banks and building societies use the base rate to calculate interest rates for some mortgage products. The Bank of England base rate last changed on 19 March 2020. It's currently 0.10% The World Bank Group works in every major area of development. We provide a wide array of financial products and technical assistance, and we help countries share and apply innovative knowledge and solutions to the challenges they face

Bank of England meeting dates. The MPC meets eight times a year, following a briefing by Bank of England staff, with each meeting lasting a total of three days. The meetings involve a discussion of the latest economic data from the Bank of England and what policies should be implemented to help the MPC achieve its aims The Bank of England base rate can go up or down and is announced at the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC). Changes to the base rate could affect interest rates or payments on any savings or mortgages you hold with us. On the 11th March 2020 The Bank of England base rate decreased from 0.75% to 0.25%

History. The word bank comes from an Italian word banco, meaning a bench, since Italian merchants in the Renaissance made deals to borrow and lend money beside a bench. They placed the money on that bench. Elementary financial records are known from the beginning of history. Baked clay records were done before the invention of writing.. In the 17th century, merchants started storing their gold. The Bank of England is one institution that is putting its considerable weight and history behind the FinTech future. It clearly has form and tradition behind it

Bank of England note issues - Wikipedi

The Bank of England's forecasts of the economic impact of Brexit have so far been wrong. It is hard to justify handing power to unelected technocrats if they fall down on the job. All of which. The Bank of England has raised the interest rate for only the second time in a decade. The rate has risen by a quarter of a percentage point, from 0.5% to 0.75% - the highest level since March 2009

1694: The Bank of England Established as a - History

Index performance for UK Bank of England Official Bank Rate (UKBRBASE) including value, chart, profile & other market data Central banking has been a corrupt, mercantilist scheme and an engine of corporate welfare from its very beginning in the late 18th century. Northern merchants provided the main political support for Hamilton's Bank, whereas southern politicians like Jefferson supplied most of the opposition to it, seeing it as destructive of liberty and prosperity

History of the Bank of England : Andreades, Andreas

Presently, the banking system in Cambodia comprises of 36 commercial banks, 11 specialized banks, 7 foreign bank representative offices, 39 microfinance institutions (including 7 microfinance deposit taking institutions), 38 rural credit operators, 6 leasing companies, 1 credit bureau company, 6 third party processers, and 1,770 money changers History of Britain - Timeline and Facts Thousands of years ago, Great Britain was joined to Europe and was covered with ice. About 15,000 years ago, the weather became warmer The Bank strives to provide clients with superior financial solutions to meet all of their financial needs. Having the strongest bran d equity rightfully places CIB as the bank of choice for over 500 of Egypt's largest corporations. Moreover, CIB shows tremendous upside potential within the bourgeoning Retail and SME Banking markets The Old Bank of England is now managed by McMullen & Sons Hertfordshire Brewers. One of the most stunning pub interiors in the city of London now with a new lease of life, paired with honest pub grub and fantastic, Hertfordshire brewed beers

The Bank of England (BOE) held interest rates steady on Thursday, opting not to adjust borrowing costs in the world's fifth-largest economy ahead of a snap election.. With 35 days to go before. The Bank of England announced an interest rate cut on 19 March 2020 in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. The base rate has changed to 0.1%. This follows a cut from 0.75% to 0.25% earlier in March. You may have received a letter about the change on 11 March Barings: the collapse that erased 232 years of history. How the historic name of Britain's merchant bank was wiped out by Nick Leeson's rogue tradin